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People are accustomed to ask for an answer when they face things which are unknown before. In this high developed culture, when people want to know these unknown things, they are used to follow the rational consideration, use the deductive and inductive ways to discover the answer. For instance, William is the standard of this kind people. The process of seeking the murderer, the process of searching the formula, the process of looking for the answer, all of them can be considered as the process of finding the origin and the truth. These processes are in the novel The Name of the Rose and Labyrinths: Selected Stories & Other Writings. Following will discuss the difficulty of trying to find the origin and the truth.

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The signals in the writing and speaking system have the limit, but they can be constituted through different ways to become different sentences or compose different compositions.  Although the result of different constitutions seems illimitable, it still has the limitation.  Since a result of constitution may just has one small difference with another constitution, but all theses similar texts have the same content that they want to express.  In other words, their format and style are different, but their meaning is the same.  Hence people cannot claim his writing or speech is original, we cannot assure whether the meaning in these lines has existed or not.

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影片開頭的逃跑場景,很容易讓我們認為:喬治跟藍尼兩人若不是相當要好的朋友,就是有其血緣上的關係。這兩個人,貫穿了整齣戲劇。我們在戲裡頭看到的是,喬治是一個精明幹練的人,而藍尼則有一身的力量。這兩個人身上的特質,若能夠合而為一,或許可以說是一種「完人」的境界吧?其實這世界上的每一個人,不就是在尋求這樣的自己嗎?讓自己的身心都可以臻至成熟,有肉體可以抵禦外侮,有智慧可以規劃人生。

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The main idea in this critical essay is the development of the manners in early modern Europe.  David Graeber first uses the two different types of the relationship in the non-Western societies: joking and avoidance being the foundation of the essay.  In the essay, David Graeber is not only points out these two different relationships between the people, but mentions other systems affect people's manners and their relationships.  For instance, the gift giving and the exchange with each other in the tribe, or the education and English Calvinists' effects make lots influences in the societies.

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The Remains of the Day could be regarded as a novel describes Stevens's changes in his journey and his life. Like us, habits are not easy to change, thus Stevens's changes not happened immediately, but step by step in a slow way, especially he is so stubborn. This novel is combined from Steven's journey in the present and his memory in the past. As a result, most changes we can discover from the novel are in his present journey, especially after the day four when he meets with Miss Kenton. The most significant change in this novel is his attitude. It can be divided into two aspects, one is his attitude about his career, and the other one is the attitude about his real emotion.

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    A Doxa is a popular opinion (Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes 71).  There is a Doxa, which reflects the main trend of thought in every society, every culture, and every generation.  It also exists in the art, literature, or music.  Because the Doxa is an abstract noun, always, we are used to give the Doxa a name.  For example, democratic society, Greek culture, Realism in art, and hip-hop music are the main trend in different periods.  When they are in fashion, most people will follow this popular trend.  However, at the same time, other trends or thoughts will be ignored or even suppressed.  Since they are the most popular one in the society, other thoughts cannot have the right to stand on the stage, people will regard those main streams of thoughts as truths assuredly.  However, when the Doxa is in fashion and enforces other opinions out of fashion, there is the “violence.”  Roland Barthes considers that Doxa is the abandonment of origins, because he writes: “[f]or Origin is a pernicious figure of Nature (of Physis): by an abusive interest, the Doxa “crushes” Origin and Truth together…” (139). Without any doubt, there would be a oppositional power, which prepares to defeat the Doxa, it has a name called “paradox (a)”.  Then, if the paradox defeats the Doxa successfully, the opinion we called the paradox will turn into a new popular opinion, a new Doxa.  As a result, the content of the Doxa is always changing; there is no one Doxa can be popular always.  Writers usually have the consideration about the society in their works.  Thus, the Doxa also can be discovered in fictions, there are two issues that are obvious not only in the fiction, but also in the world.  First, the issue of the colonialism and the anti-colonialism will be discussed in André Gide’s fiction: The Immoralist.  And then, the second one is the homosexual and heterosexual love, which will be founded on the Yves Navarre’s novel: A Cat’s Life.

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Always, there is a Doxa in society, which represents a trend, a way majority of people follow.  At that moment, people would consider the Doxa is also a truth naturally.  However, at the same moment, most of them ignore there are other opinions in the society.  Furthermore, these opinions are usually bullied by the Doxa, because “the grim notion that true violence is that of the self-evident…” (Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes 85).  Under the Doxa, other opinions would not be noticed.  Nevertheless, the content of the Doxa is not always the same, which means the main opinion in the society is not unvarying, but changing.

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During our daily life, when we put our attention on one object, we usually will ignore other objects around the one we focus on.  This is also one function of the camera, which can just focus on what photographer want, it can be a flower, a cup, a pencil, or anything.  It depends on the photographer. On the other hand, the object which is captured does not have the right to make decisions.  In Jealousy, from line to line, readers will discovered that our eyesight is leaded by the narrator, the narrator takes us to see what he wants to share with us.  It is normal for readers that the narrator shows us his observation around himself in many fictions; nevertheless, the camera lens in Jealousy give readers some feeling which we will consider it is not only the observation but the state of obstinacy.

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When people face the mentally critical strikes, our body will start the means of protection.  One of these means is “forget.”  We call this process forget, however, it is different to the original definition of forget.  In this time, being more specific, the process is controlled by our brain which asks ourselves forcibly to forget the critical strikes.  On the other hand, it is also the way to escape, escape from things which our brain considers they are harmful, or even fatal to us.  In The Ravishing of Lol Stein, Lol confronts the situation which makes her collapse, at this moment, her body switches on this mean of protection, making her lose the memory of that period (The Ravishing of Lol Stein 12).  But, the trauma is not erased; it is still there, in the depths of our consciousness.  We are always trying to ease it, so we will have some motions which we think they are meaningless, however, they have the meaning for our subconsciousness indeed: healing.

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Generally, when we read books or papers, we don't doubt whether it's true or not but just following the paragraph.  When we admire paintings or photographs, we don't consider what artists thinking but just looking at pictures.  These are what Roquentin does in Nausea at first: finding lots information and then being a well done historian.  However, he gradually discovers those data what he collected before is not enough to be believed, such as the historic books and paintings.  A significant factor makes Roquentin being amazed and confused is those he believed before are not first-hand facts but the second-hand.

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    說到Google 無非是Web2.0 的最佳代表,現今相當多的網路現象,由Google 所引起的可說是不在少數。1998年Google 創立以來,當然不可能說沒有遇上困難、挫敗,但是Google 人靠著他們的自信與創新在每一次的僵局之下打破僵局,搶下標竿。Sergey Berin與Larry Page 在史丹福大學裡相遇,比成為彼此事業上的夥伴,由一個不被看好的企劃開始,兩個人展開了對網路世界的顛覆。網路的使用者們,現在想要進行「搜尋」,第一個立刻想到的就是Google,因為他的介面乾淨,不像其他網站一樣被各式各樣的資訊所填滿,結果最想要的資料卻看不見。除了Google 原本致力的搜尋引擎之外,Google 近年也致力於發展其他網路的相關產業,每推出一項,網路上的使用者們幾乎會異口同聲說道:「啊…果然是Google 才想的到。」在這一句話的背後,我們可以觀察到Google 所交給我們的七堂課:

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      When we get along with other people, it's normal that we will keep distance between each other. The distance may be just 5cm but also may be 1m, it depends on one's background culture. It not means we are not intimate with each other, every person has a domain one gets used to.  For example, a research points out American likes to keep some distance between other people.  A well-known saying says: "The distance makes the sense of beauty."  What both of them request is a "distance" from others and I call this special distance: "safe area."  In this area, people can talk with other at ease. Keeping this distance in the safe area makes people won’t consider your behavior is rude or impolite. As a result, when one invades ours safe area (which means behaving too closely or too intimately and making others be uncomfortable), we may regard that one is a discourteous[1] person. To classify the violations, we can divide the violation into two types generally, one is the physical violation and the other is the psychic violation.

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     這是第一次選修中文系的課程,因為我以前開始就對神怪之類的故事相當感興趣,所以這次一看見中文系開出了志怪小說的課程,便想著要來修這門課。想不到在第一堂課老師便要我們釐清說:必須要認為志怪小說記載的故事並不是當時的人所想像出來,而是有其真人真事。當下打破了我一直以為「志怪小說」的定義。除了以干寶《搜神記》為主要的文本,其他如《漢書》、《幽明錄》等等,也是文本的取材範圍。原本以為志怪小說就是僅僅存在於六朝的搜神記而已,想不到其中故事來源甚至可以追溯至孝經,讓我大感意外。除了由各種古籍之中搜索志怪故事,另一方面,課堂上還滿強調的是作者個人對志怪故事的親身體會,這也是為什麼課堂一開始,老師便要求我們先修正對於志怪小說故事的概念,並非都是杜撰出來,有很大一部份,其實是真實發生的情節。

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    We always hope the dream we make when we are asleep is a sweet dream.  Because the sweet dream gives us a good night, we don't want to wake up in frighten.  There is a cartoon that describes a person is caught in the dream and cannot leave the dream, because the dream is too sweet and beautiful, making he doesn't want to exit there.  On the other hand, the person sleeps deeply in the real world, and cannot be waken by any method.  Furthermore, Neverland in Peter Pan is like a wonderful place for the children.  When Wendy and other children go to Neverland, the time in their real world is stop; when they come back from Neverland to their home in London, they discover that is still the night as they leaved.  Similar situation also exist in the Chinese folktale: 黃粱一夢.  Both of Gus and Hanna are caught in their past time which I consider as a type of dream.

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    It’s normal that people have a secret garden, which doesn’t want to be discovered or hollowed out.  That garden only opens to its master, who plants one’s secrets into the garden.  Those secrets may be not only shameful things but may also include the sweet or sorrowful memories.  It’s easy to understand why people don’t want other people to hollow out secrets, and why people would be angry when their secrets are known.

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    The easiest issue to be discovered in The Blacks is the opposition between the white and black people.  Before I discuss the text, I want to talk about a phenomenon not only in the western society but in Taiwan, too.  The opposition between two groups is usually happened in the western society, nevertheless, there is a similar phenomenon in all culture: the mainstream culture would oppress the disadvantaged.

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**04/27  修訂文章。**

身體很虛,都沒有發什麼新文章...Orz
來發個之前寫的法文作文吧~!

快幫我集氣,讓我的病快點好吧~>"<

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    When a baby is born in the world, although it seems individuality, it has made a relationship with other people at the same time.  For a newborn baby, the closest relationship with it is its parent.  As a result, we cannot deny one live in the world is not only an individuality but also a part in the society.  Between the interaction with other people, there would causes a good or bad result.  Take holding a council for example, we cannot ensure that every council would make some decisions, because during the meeting, sometimes we would agree with ideas smoothly but sometimes we would not.  Therefore, the moment when we have to express our tendency, it is also the minute for us to make a decision that we are going to “being for itself” or “being for others.”  This is one main theme of existentialism and the topic in No Exit Sartre wants people to deliberate.

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今天下午去聽一個英國女士的Lecture,雖然宣傳上說明跟藝術管理有關...
但是聽完之後我還滿懵懂的...Orz

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        Antigone is a tragedy which is the story about one day when Oedipus' daughter Antigone made her resolution to be dead. In the story, readers would follow Antigone's emotion to up or down, try to understand why Antigone wants to die, and discover the delicate relation ship between Antigone and her uncle Creon.

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